亚色影库app

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Spring 2007

The lesbianism of Philip Larkin

Author
Terry Castle

Terry Castle is Walter A. Haas Professor in the Humanities at Stanford University. She has written seven books, including 鈥淭he Apparitional Lesbian: Female Homosexuality and Modern Culture鈥 (1993), 鈥淭he Female Thermometer: Eighteenth-Century Culture and the Invention of the Uncanny鈥 (1995), a runner-up for the PEN Spielvogel-Diamondstein Award for the Art of the Essay, 鈥淣oel Coward and Radclyffe Hall: Kindred Spirits鈥 (1996), and 鈥淐ourage, Mon Amie鈥 (2002). She also edited 鈥淭he Literature of Lesbianism: A Historical Anthology from Ariosto to Stonewall鈥 (2003).

鈥淟ove variously doth various minds inspire,鈥 wrote Dryden, but for many of us true sexual eccentricity remains difficult to comprehend. We still don鈥檛 have the words. Granted, in most modern liberal societies, you can use the terms gay or straight and people will know (or think they know) what you mean. But anything more convoluted than plain old homosexual or heterosexual can be hard to grasp. (Bisexual doesn鈥檛 help much: many sensible people remain unconvinced that this elusive state of being even exists.) For a while I鈥檝e kept a list in my head of famous people whose sexual proclivities I myself find inexpressible鈥搒o odd and incoherent I can鈥檛 begin to plumb their inner lives. Greta Garbo, Virginia Woolf, T. E. Lawrence, the Duke of Windsor, Marlon Brando, Simone de Beauvoir, Michael Jackson, and Andy Warhol have been on the list for some time; Condoleeza Rice may join them soon. Futile my attempts to pigeonhole such individuals: they seem to transcend鈥搃f not nullify鈥揷onventional taxonomies.

Pious readers will already be spluttering: how presumptuous to 鈥榣abel鈥 someone else鈥檚 sexual inclinations! The truth is, however, Everybody Does It, and when it comes to understanding the very greatest writers and artists, some empathetic conjecture regarding the psychosexual factors involved in creativity seems to be necessary. Would life be better if Wilde had not raised the issue of Shakespeare鈥檚 sexuality in 鈥淚n Praise of Mr. W. H.鈥? If Freud had not explored the homoerotic themes he found in the works of Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci?

And it is hard to approach the work of Philip Larkin (1922鈥1985)鈥揷onsidered by many the greatest English poet of the second half of the twentieth century鈥 without acknowledging his particular brand of sexual eccentricity. The quintessential Establishment poet鈥揾e was offered the Poet Laureateship in 1984鈥揕arkin is usually thought of as a straight, if not blokish, man of letters. He portrays himself as such in numerous poems, though not in any vainglorious way. On the contrary, the rhetorical pose usually cultivated鈥搃ndeed now regarded as typically Larkinesque鈥搃s that of shy (if sardonic) English bachelor: reclusive, timid, physically unattractive to women, envious of other men鈥檚 romantic successes. At its most poignant, to be Larkinesque is to feel excluded from the family life and ordinary sexual happiness granted to others. (鈥淔or Dockery a son, for me nothing.鈥) For those who love Larkin, this rueful evocation of sexual loneliness, tempered always with subtle intransigence and a wildly uncensored wit, is just what they love him for:

Sexual intercourse began
In nineteen sixty-three
(Which was rather late for me)鈥
Between the end of the Chatterley ban
And the Beatles鈥 first LP.

Despite tiresome overquotation the rhymes never go stale, nor do they lose their odd power to console. Yet, however bleak the (real or imagined) erotic life, Larkin鈥檚 鈥榥ormality鈥 would seem to be a given. As the poet has his frustrated stand-in say in 鈥淩ound Another Point鈥 鈥揳n unpublished 诲茅产补迟 between two young men on the subject of women, sex, and marriage鈥撯淚 want to screw decent girls of my own sort without being made to feel a criminal about it.鈥

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