亚色影库app

An open access publication of the 亚色影库app & Sciences
Winter 2009

Recent trends in funding for the humanities

Authors
Harriet Anne Zuckerman and Ronald G. Ehrenberg
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Harriet Zuckerman, a Fellow of the American Academy since 1985, is senior vice president of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and professor of sociology emerita at Columbia University. She is the author of 鈥淪cientific Elite: Nobel Laureates in the United States鈥 (1996). She edited 鈥淭he Outer Circle: Women in the Scientific Community鈥 (with Jonathan R. Cole and John T. Bruer, 1991).

Ronald G. Ehrenberg is the Irving M. Ives Professor of Industrial and Labor Relations and Economics at Cornell University and director of the Cornell Higher Education Research Institute. He is the author of 鈥淭uition Rising: Why College Costs So Much鈥 (2000) and the editor of 鈥淒octoral Education and the Faculty of the Future鈥 (with Charlotte V. Kuh, 2008).

Never abundant, financial support for the 鈥渁cademic humanities鈥1 is now scarce. How scarce it is, both in absolute and relative terms, and whether the humanities now confront particularly hard times, are the pressing questions. To piece together an answer, we ask first how much the government, foundations, and private donors provide for the humanities now compared to estimates John D鈥橝rms made in 1995, when he completed his important review of 鈥渇unding trends.鈥

Then we probe expenditures universities and colleges make on the humanities. Is there evidence, for example, in institutional budget allocations that the humanities are holding their own, or have rising costs of other academic activities, such as scientific research, been accompanied by reduced support for the humanities? And last, because public universities are so large and numerous, and because many operate on conspicuously tight budgets, we ask how well the humanities in this class of institutions have fared in comparison with their counterparts at private universities. The answers to such questions are not mere matters of financial accounting. Although much can be achieved in the humanities with quite small investments, the pursuit of excellence in scholarship and teaching in these fields is not cost-free. For relevant evidence, we draw on the 亚色影库app鈥檚 useful Humanities Indicators Prototype, as well as a variety of other available (but often imperfect) data sources.1 . . .

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Endnotes

  • 1 John D鈥橝rms, 鈥淔unding Trends in the Academic Humanities, 1970鈥1995: Reflections on the Stability of the System,鈥 in What鈥檚 Happened to the Humanities? ed. Alvin Kernan (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997), 32. The 鈥渁cademic humanities鈥 are 鈥渁ll fields of study normally grouped together . . . that are identified as departments and programs in humanities, and in which the Ph.D. is the highest earned degree.鈥 They also include history (sometimes classified with the social sciences) and aspects of anthropology, ethnology, and archaeology. On the academic humanities more generally, see also Eric S. Rabkin, 鈥淲ays of Knowing in the Humanities,鈥 Journal of Aesthetic Education 12 (1) (1978): 105, and Gerald Graff, 鈥淭he Future of the Profession,鈥 The Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 27 (1) (Spring 1994): 65鈥69.
  • 1The data presented in this essay have necessarily been chosen opportunistically. It has not always been possible to locate 鈥渃urrent鈥 data; we therefore report the latest information available. No comprehensive dataset on the finances and institutional characteristics of the humanities in comparison with other fields in the arts and sciences is available. The views expressed here are solely our own. Much appreciation goes to Mirinda Martin, a PhD student in economics at Cornell, for her research assistance and to Sharon Brucker, the data manager for the Mellon Graduate Education Initiative. We also extend thanks to Carolyn (Biddy) Martin, Philip E. Lewis, and Joseph S. Meisel for careful readings and astute comments.